Financial Report 2020

37 The University of Hong Kong 香港大學 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 1. 主要會計政策 — 續 (m) 財務資產 — 續 (i) 分類 — 續 通過損益表反映公平值變化的 財務資產 通過損益表反映公平值變化的 財務資產是指根據內部書面記 載的風險管理指引或機構主要 管理層提供的投資策略所管理 之財務資產。此類別之資產是 按公平值陳述。在此類別的資 產若預期將於結算日後十二個 月內變現，則分類為流動資 產；否則分類為非流動資產。 (ii) 確認及計量 正常買賣財務資產於成交日期 確認，即本機構承諾買賣資產 的日期。投資初步按公平值加 所有未有按公平值計入損益的 財務資產的交易成本確認。通 過損益表反映公平值變化的財 務資產最初以公平值確認，交 易成本在綜合收益表中確認為 支出。若該項財務資產的現金 收益接收權期滿或被轉讓，且 機構已轉讓此所有權的所有風 險及收益，該項財務資產確認 即會終止。通過損益表反映公 平值變化的財務資產其後以公 平值列賬。 來自財務資產，按攤銷成本的 利息收入採用實際利率法計入 財務收入。終止確認時產生的 任何盈虧與匯兌損益一併於損 益中直接確認並列為其他收 益╱（虧損）。減值虧損於綜合 收益表內以單獨項目呈列。 「通過損益表反映公平值變化 的財務資產」因公平值變化而 產生的損益，列入該年的綜合 收益表中的「利息及投資收益」 中。通過損益表反映公平值變 化的既定財務資產所生產的股 息在收取股息的權利確定時在 綜合收益表中確認為其他收 入。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES — Cont’d (m) Financial Assets — Cont’d (i) Classification — Cont’d Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are financial assets which are managed in accordance wi th i nt erna l document ed r i sk management guidelines or investment strategy prov i ded by the Group’ s key management personnel. Assets in this category are stated at fair value. Assets in this category are classified as current assets if expected to be settled within 12 months; otherwise, they are classified as non- current. (ii) Recognition and measurement Regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade-date — the date on which the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset. Investments are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs for all financial assets not carried at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognised at fair value, and transaction costs are expensed in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the investments have expired or have been t r ans f e r r ed and t he Gr oup has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are subsequently carried at fair value. Interest income from financial assets at amortised cost is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition is recognised directly in profit or loss and presented in other gains/(losses), together with foreign exchange gains and losses. Impairment losses are presented as separate line item in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of the “financial assets at fair value through profit or loss” category were presented in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income within ‘interest and investment income’ in the period in which they arose. Dividend income from designated financial assets at fair value through profit or loss was recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as part of other income when the Group’s right to receive payments was established. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 2020 Financial Report 二零二零財務報告 38 1. 主要會計政策 — 續 (m) 財務資產 — 續 (iii) 抵銷財務工具 當有法定可執行權力可抵銷已 確認金額，並有意圖按淨額基 準結算或同時變現資產和結算 負債時，財務資產與負債可互 相抵銷，並在合併財務狀況表 報告其淨額。法定可執行權利 必須不得依賴未來事件而定， 而在一般業務過程中以及倘大 學，其子公司或對手方一旦出 現違約、無償債能力或破產 時，這也必須具有約束力。 (iv) 財務資產減值 本機構於各報告期間結算日評 估是否客觀證據證明財務資產 或財務資產組別出現減值。財 務資產或財務資產組別僅於存 在客觀證據證明因首次確認資 產後發生一宗或多宗事件導致 出現減值（「損失事項」），而該 宗（或該等）損失事項對財務 資產或財務資產組別的估計未 來現金流量所構成影響可以合 理估計時，有關財務資產或財 務資產組別方被視為減值及出 現減值虧損。 減值證據包括有顯示借款人或 借款人組別遭遇嚴重財政困 難、逾期或拖欠償還利息或本 金；借款人有可能破產或進行 其他財務重組；及有可察覺的 資料顯示估計未來現金流有可 計量的減少，如與逾期還款相 關連的還款情況改變或經濟狀 況。 本機構按前瞻基準評估與其按 攤銷成本列賬的債務工具相關 之預期信貸虧損。所應用之減 值方法視乎信貸風險是否出現 大幅增加而定。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES — Cont’d (m) Financial Assets — Cont’d (iii) Offsetting financial instruments Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the consolidated statement of financial position when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the University, its subsidiaries or the counterparty. (iv) Impairment of financial assets The Group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired and impairment losses are incurred only if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset (a “loss event”) and that loss event (or events) has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated. Evidence of impairment may include indications that the debtors or a group of debtors is experiencing significant financial difficulty, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, the probability that they will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation, and where observable data indicate that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows, such as changes in arrears or economic conditions that correlate with defaults. The Group assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its debt instruments carried at amortised cost. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.