Financial Report 2020

35 The University of Hong Kong 香港大學 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 1. 主要會計政策 — 續 (k) 租賃 — 續 本機構未來可能會面臨基於指數或 比率確定的可變租賃付款增加的風 險，並只會在實際發生時才納入租 賃負債中。當基於指數或比率對租 賃付款進行調整時，租賃負債應予 以重估並根據使用權資產調整。 租賃付款在本金和融資費用之間進 行分攤。融資費用在租賃期內計入 合併綜合收益表，以按照固定的週 期性利率對各期間負債餘額計算利 息。 使用權資產按成本計量，包括： • 租賃負債的初始計量金額； • 在租賃期開始日或之前支付的 租賃付款扣除收到的租賃優 惠； • 初始直接費用；及 • 復原成本。 使用權資產一般在資產的使用年限 與租賃期兩者孰短的期間內按直線 法計提折舊。如本機構合理確定會 行使購買權，該使用權資產則按其 使用年限計提折舊。 與短期設備和汽車租賃及所有低價 值資產租賃相關的付款按直線法確 認為費用並計入收益表。短期租賃 是指租賃期為十二個月或更短的租 賃。 本機構作為出租人收到的經營租賃 收入在租賃期內按直線法確認為收 入。為獲取經營租賃所發生的初始 直接費用計入該資產的賬面金額， 並在租賃期內按照與租賃收入相同 的基礎確認為費用。租賃資產按其 性質在合併財務狀況表中列示。本 機構無需因採用了新的租賃準則而 對作為出租人持有的資產的會計處 理作出任何調整。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES — Cont’d (k) Leases — Cont’d The Group is exposed to potential future increases in variable lease payments based on an index or rate, which are not included in the lease liability until they take effect. When adjustments to lease payments based on an index or rate take effect, the lease liability is reassessed and adjusted against the right-of-use asset. Lease payments are allocated between principal and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to consolidated statement of comprehensive income over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. Right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the following: • the amount of the initial measurement of lease liability; • any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received; • any initial direct costs; and • restoration costs. Right-of-use assets are generally depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis. If the Group is reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option, the right-of-use asset is depreciated over the underlying asset’s useful life. Payments associated with short-term leases of equipment and vehicles and all leases of low-value assets are recognised on a straight-line basis as an expense in statement of comprehensive income. Short- term leases are leases with a lease term of 12 months or less. Lease income from operating leases where the Group is a lessor is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Initial direct costs incurred in obtaining an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the underlying asset and recognised as expense over the lease term on the same basis as lease income. The respective leased assets are included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income based on their nature. The Group did not need to make any adjustments to the accounting for assets held as lessor as a result of adopting the new leasing standard. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 2020 Financial Report 二零二零財務報告 36 1. 主要會計政策 — 續 (l) 附屬公司、聯營公司、合營企 業及非財務資產之減值 使用壽命不確定的資產無需攤銷， 但每年須就減值進行測試。須作攤 銷的資產當有事件出現或情況改變 顯示賬面值可能無法收回時就減值 進行檢討。減值虧損是賬面值大於 可收回值。可收回值是公平值減去 銷售成本與使用價值兩者較高之金 額。於評估減值時，資產按可分開 辨認之現金流量（現金產出單元）以 最低層次組合。除商譽以外，已蒙 受減值的非財務資產在每個報告日 期均就減值是否可以撥回進行檢討。 當收到附屬公司、聯營公司或合營 企業投資的股利時，而股利超過附 屬公司、聯營公司或合營企業在股 利宣佈期間的綜合收益，或在單獨 財務報表的投資賬面值超過被投資 方淨資產（包括商譽）在合併財務報 表的賬面值，則必須對有關投資進 行減值測試。 (m) 財務資產 (i) 分類 本機構將其財務投資及其他財 務資產分類為其後通過損益表 反映公平值變化的財務資產或 按攤銷成本計量。分類方式視 乎機構管理財務投資及其他財 務資產之業務模式及現金流量 合約條款而定。 僅當本機構管理該等資產的業 務模式發生變動時，本機構方 會重新分類債務投資。 財務投資，按攤銷成本 倘若持有資產目的為收取合約 現金流量，而該等資產的現金 流量僅為支付本金及利息，則 該等資產按攤銷成本計量。該 資產屬流動資產，但如果在報 告期間完結後超過十二個月才 到期，則屬非流動資產。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES — Cont’d (l) Impairment of Investments in Subsidiaries, Associates, Joint Ventures and Non-Financial Assets Assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment. Assets that are subject to amortisation are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances i nd i ca t e t ha t t he ca r r y i ng amoun t may no t be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date. Impairment testing of the investments in subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures is required upon receiving dividends from these investments if the dividend exceeds the total comprehensive income of the subsidiary, associates or joint ventures in the period the dividend is declared or if the carrying amount of the investment in the separate financial statements exceeds the carrying amount in the consolidated financial statements of the investee’s net assets including goodwill. (m) Financial Assets (i) Classification The Group classifies its financial investments and other financial assets either those to be measured subsequently at fair value through profit or loss, or those to be measured at amortised cost. The classification depends on the entity’s business model for managing the financial investments and other financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows. The Group reclassifies debt investments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes. Financial assets at amortised cost Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the end of reporting period. These are classified as non-current assets.