Financial Report 2020

33 The University of Hong Kong 香港大學 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 1. 主要會計政策 — 續 (j) 無形資產 購入的電腦軟件程式按購入和達致 使用該特定軟件而產生的成本為基 準作資本化處理。此等成本按其估 計可使用年期分五年攤銷。與維護 電腦軟件程式有關的成本在產生時 確認為費用支出。 系統發展工程指在電腦軟件程式開 發中之成本，而管理層有意在工程 完成後持有此等軟件程式作無形資 產。此等軟件程式以成本值列賬， 包括發展費用，及屬於發展項目之 其他直接成本，扣除任何累積減值 虧損。發展工程因未投入使用，故 無攤銷準備。 (k) 租賃 本機構已變更作為承租人的租賃會 計政策。新政策見下文所述，關於 此項會計政策變更的採納請參見附 註 1(b) 。 如租賃所有權的重大部份風險和報 酬由出租人保留，分類為經營租 賃。根據經營租賃支付的款項（扣 除自出租人收取的任何激勵措施後） 於租賃期內以直線法在合併綜合收 益表支銷。 直至二零一九年六月三十日年度 止，租賃乃分類為經營租賃或融資 租賃。 根據機構享有差不多所有回報及風 險之融資租賃及租購合約而購買之 資產，均視作自置資產入賬。 融資租賃按租賃資產之公平價值或 最低租金之現值兩者中之較低者， 於有關租賃開始時化作資本入賬。 付予出租人之款項包括本金及利息 部分。租賃承擔之本金部分列為負 債，而利息部分則在綜合收益表中 扣除。其他所有租賃均視作經營租 賃入賬，而租金則按應計準則在綜 合收益表中扣除。 自二零一九年七月一日起，本機構 在租賃資產可供其使用的當日將租 賃確認為使用權資產和相應的負債。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES — Cont’d (j) Intangible Assets Acquired computer software programmes are capitalised on the basis of the costs incurred to acquire and bring to use the specific software. These costs are amortised over their estimated useful lives of 5 years. Costs associated with maintaining computer software programmes are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development in progress represents costs incurred on computer software has not been completed and which upon completion, management intends to hold for use as intangible assets. Such software is carried at cost which include development expenditure incurred and other direct costs attributable to the development less any accumulated impairment losses. No amortisation is provided for development in progress since it is not in use. (k) Leases The Group has changed its accounting policy for leases where the Group is the lessee. The new policy is described below and the impact of the adoption is explained in note 1(b). Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership were retained by the lessor were classified as operating leases. Payments under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) were charged to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income on a straight-line basis over the period of the leases. Until the financial year ended 30 June 2019, leases were classified as either operating leases or finance leases. Assets acquired pursuant to finance leases and hire pur chase con t r ac t s t ha t t r ans f e r to t he Group substantially all the rewards and risks of ownership are accounted for as if purchased. Finance leases are capitalised at the inception of the leases at the lower of the fair value of the leased assets or the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are treated as consisting of capital and interest elements. The capital element of the leasing commitment is included as a liability and the interest element is charged to the statement of comprehensive income. All other leases are accounted for as operating leases and the rental payments are charged to the statement of comprehensive income on accrual basis. From 1 July 2019, leases are recognised as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability at the date at which the leased asset is available for use by the Group. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 2020 Financial Report 二零二零財務報告 34 1. 主要會計政策 — 續 (k) 租賃 — 續 合同可能包含租賃組成部分和非租 賃組成部分。本機構基於各租賃組 成部分與非租賃組成部分的單獨價 格相對比例分攤合同對價。 租賃產生的資產和負債按現值進行 初始計量。租賃負債包括以下租賃 付款的淨現值： • 固定付款（包括實質固定付 款），扣除任何應收的租賃優 惠； • 基於指數或比率確定的可變租 賃付款，採用租賃期開始日的 指數或比率進行初始計量； • 本機構根據餘值擔保預計應付 的金額； • 本機構合理確定將行使的購買 選擇權的行權價格；及 • 在租賃期反映出本機構將行使 選擇權的情況下終止租賃的罰 款金額。 當合理確定將行使續租選擇權時， 租賃付款也納入負債的計量中。 租賃付款按租賃內含利率貼現。本 機構的租賃內含利率通常無法直接 確定，在此情況下，應採用承租人 的遞增借款利率，即承租人在類似 經濟環境下獲得與使用權資產價值 接近的資產，在類似期間以類似抵 押條件借入資金而必須支付的利率。 為確定遞增借款利率，本機構： • 在可能的情況下，以承租人最 近收到的第三方融資為起點， 並進行調整以反映融資條件自 收到第三方融資後的變化； • 對於近期未獲得第三方融資的 本機構持有的租賃，採用以無 風險利率為起點的累加法，並 按照租賃的信用風險進行調 整；並 • 針對租賃作出特定調整，如租 賃期、國家、貨幣及抵押。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES — Cont’d (k) Leases — Cont’d Contracts may contain both lease and non-lease components. The Group allocates the consideration in the contract to the lease and non-lease components based on their relative stand-alone prices. Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured on a present value basis. Lease liabilities include the net present value of the following lease payments: • fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivable; • variable lease payment that are based on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date; • amounts expected to be payable by the Group under residual value guarantees; • the exercise price of a purchase option if the Group is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and • payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Group exercising that option. Lease payments to be made under reasonably certain extension options are also included in the measurement of the liability. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be readily determined, which is generally the case for leases in the Group, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate is used, being the rate that the individual lessee would have to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment with similar terms, security and conditions. To determine the incremental borrowing rate, the Group: • where possible, uses recent third-party financing received by the individual lessee as a starting point, adjusted to reflect changes in financing conditions since third party financing was received; • uses a build-up approach that starts with a risk-free interest rate adjusted for credit risk for leases held by the Group, which does not have recent third party financing; and • makes adjustments specific to the lease, e.g. lease term, country, currency and security.