Financial Report 2022

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 The University of Hong Kong 香港大學 31 主要會計政策－續 (j) 租賃－續 使用權資產按成本計量，包括： • 租賃負債的初始計量金額； • 在租賃期開始日或之前支付的租賃付款 扣除收到的租賃優惠； • 初始直接費用；及 • 復原成本。 使用權資產一般在資產的使用年限與租賃期 兩者孰短的期間內按直線法計提折舊。如本 機構合理確定會行使購買權，該使用權資產 則按其使用年限計提折舊。 本機構同時亦透過向一些租賃土地及土地使 用權的前註冊持有者或當地政府作一次性預 先支付購得該等土地的使用權益用作營運。 此等付款按成本列賬並在租賃期（如續租成本 並不重大續租期亦包括在內）內攤銷。 與短期設備和汽車租賃及所有低價值資產租 賃相關的付款按直線法確認為費用並計入合 併綜合收益表。短期租賃是指租賃期為十二 個月或更短的租賃。 本機構作為出租人收到的經營租賃收入在租 賃期內按直線法確認為收入。為獲取經營租 賃所發生的初始直接費用計入該資產的賬面 金額，並在租賃期內按照與租賃收入相同的 基礎確認為費用。租賃資產按其性質在合併 財務狀況表中列示。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (j) Leases – Cont’d Right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the following: • the amount of the initial measurement of lease liability; • any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received; • any initial direct costs; and • restoration costs. Right-of-use assets are generally depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis. If the Group is reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option, the right-of-use asset is depreciated over the underlying asset’s useful life. The Group also has interests in leasehold land and land use right for use in its operations. Lump sum payments were made upfront to acquire these land interests from their previous registered owners or governments in the jurisdictions where the land is located. These payments are stated at cost and are amortised over the term of the lease which includes the renewal period if the lease can be renewed by the Group without significant cost. Payments associated with short-term leases of equipment and vehicles and all leases of low-value assets are recognised on a straight-line basis as an expense in consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Short- term leases are leases with a lease term of 12 months or less. Lease income from operating leases where the Group is a lessor is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Initial direct costs incurred in obtaining an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the underlying asset and recognised as expense over the lease term on the same basis as lease income. The respective leased assets are included in the consolidated statement of financial position based on their nature. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 2022 Financial Report 二零二二財務報告 32 主要會計政策－續 (k) 附屬公司、聯營公司、合營企業及非 財務資產之減值 使用壽命不確定的資產無需攤銷，但每年須 就減值進行測試。須作攤銷的資產當有事件 出現或情況改變顯示賬面值可能無法收回時 就減值進行檢討。減值虧損是賬面值大於可 收回值。可收回值是公平值減去銷售成本與 使用價值兩者較高之金額。於評估減值時， 資產按可分開辨認之現金流量（現金產出單 元）以最低層次組合。除商譽以外，已蒙受減 值的非財務資產在每個報告日期均就減值是 否可以撥回進行檢討。 當收到附屬公司、聯營公司或合營企業投資 的股利時，而股利超過附屬公司、聯營公司 或合營企業在股利宣佈期間的綜合收益，或 在單獨財務報表的投資賬面值超過被投資方 淨資產（包括商譽）在合併財務報表的賬面 值，則必須對有關投資進行減值測試。 (l) 財務資產 (i) 分類 本機構將其財務投資及其他財務資產分 類為其後通過損益表反映公平值變化的 財務資產或按攤銷成本計量。分類方式 視乎機構管理財務投資及其他財務資產 之業務模式及現金流量合約條款而定。 僅當本機構管理該等資產的業務模式發 生變動時，本機構方會重新分類債務投 資。 財務投資，按攤銷成本 倘若持有資產目的為收取合約現金流 量，而該等資產的現金流量僅為支付本 金及利息，則該等資產按攤銷成本計 量。該資產屬流動資產，但如果在報告 期間完結後超過十二個月才到期，則屬 非流動資產。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (k) Impairment of Investments in Subsidiaries, Associates, Joint Ventures and Non-Financial Assets Assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment. Assets that are subject to amortisation are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date. Impairment testing of the investments in subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures is required upon receiving dividends from these investments if the dividend exceeds the tota l comprehens i ve i ncome of the subs i d i ar y , associates or joint ventures in the period the dividend is declared or if the carrying amount of the investment in the separate financial statements exceeds the carrying amount in the consolidated financial statements of the investee’s net assets including goodwill. (l) Financial Assets (i) Classification The Group classifies its financial investments and other financial assets either those to be measured subsequently at fair value through profit or loss, or those to be measured at amortised cost. The classification depends on the entity’s business model for managing the financial investments and other financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows. The Group reclassifies debt investments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes. Financial assets at amortised cost Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the end of reporting period. These are classified as non-current assets.