Financial Report 2022

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 The University of Hong Kong 香港大學 29 主要會計政策－續 (h) 物業、機器及設備－續 (iii) 機器及設備－續 物業、機器及設備以直線法按其預計之 使用年限將其成本值減累積減值虧損撇 銷，其所採用之預計使用年限如下： 校舍 五十年 租賃物業裝修 七年或租賃期，以較短者作準 裝修及設備 五年或項目壽命，以較短者作準 圖書館藏書 五年 於每個結算日，評估該等資產之剩餘價 值及使用年限有否變動，並作合適調 整。如該資產出現減值，則估算其可收 回價值，及將減值虧損入賬以將資產減 至其可收回價值。 (iv) 出售盈虧 出售物業、機器及設備之收益或虧損乃 出售所得的收入淨額與其賬面金額和有 關的儲備之差額，並於合併綜合收益表 入賬。 (i) 無形資產 購入的電腦軟件程式按購入和達致使用該特 定軟件而產生的成本為基準作資本化處理。 此等成本按其估計可使用年期分五年攤銷。 與維護電腦軟件程式有關的成本在產生時確 認為費用支出。 系統發展工程指在電腦軟件程式開發中之成 本，而管理層有意在工程完成後持有此等軟 件程式作無形資產。此等軟件程式以成本值 列賬，包括發展費用，及屬於發展項目之其 他直接成本，扣除任何累積減值虧損。發展 工程因未投入使用，故無攤銷準備。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (h) Property, Plant and Equipment – Cont’d (iii) Plant and equipment – Cont’d Plant and equipment are depreciated at their cost less accumulated impairment losses over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. The estimated useful lives of each category of property, plant and equipment are as follows: Buildings 50 years Leasehold improvements the shorter of 7 years and the lease term Fixtures and equipment the shorter of 5 years and the project lives Library books 5 years The assets’ residual values and useful lives are rev i ewed, and ad j us t ed i f appropr i a t e , a t each statement of financial position date. An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount. (iv) Gain or loss on disposal The gain or loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment is the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant asset, and is recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. (i) Intangible Assets Acquired computer software programmes are capitalised on the basis of the costs incurred to acquire and bring to use the specific software. These costs are amortised over their estimated useful lives of 5 years. Costs associated with maintaining computer software programmes are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development in progress represents costs incurred on computer software has not been completed and which upon completion, management intends to hold for use as intangible assets. Such software is carried at cost which include development expenditure incurred and other direct costs attributable to the development less any accumulated impairment losses. No amortisation is provided for development in progress since it is not in use. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 2022 Financial Report 二零二二財務報告 30 主要會計政策－續 (j) 租賃 租賃於租賃資產可供機構使用當日確認為使 用權資產及相應負債。 合同可能包含租賃組成部分和非租賃組成部 分。本機構基於各租賃組成部分與非租賃組 成部分的單獨價格相對比例分攤合同對價。 租賃產生的資產和負債按現值進行初始計 量。租賃負債包括以下租賃付款的淨現值： • 固定付款（包括實質固定付款），扣除任 何應收的租賃優惠； • 基於指數或比率確定的可變租賃付款， 採用租賃期開始日的指數或比率進行初 始計量； • 本機構根據餘值擔保預計應付的金額； • 本機構合理確定將行使的購買選擇權的 行權價格；及 • 在租賃期反映出本機構將行使選擇權的 情況下終止租賃的罰款金額。 當合理確定將行使續租選擇權時，租賃付款 也納入負債的計量中。 租賃付款按租賃內含利率貼現。本機構的租 賃內含利率通常無法直接確定，在此情況 下，應採用承租人的遞增借款利率，即承租 人在類似經濟環境下獲得與使用權資產價值 接近的資產，在類似期間以類似抵押條件借 入資金而必須支付的利率。 本機構未來可能會面臨基於指數或比率確定 的可變租賃付款增加的風險，並只會在實際 發生時才納入租賃負債中。當基於指數或比 率對租賃付款進行調整時，租賃負債應予以 重估並根據使用權資產調整。 租賃付款在本金和融資費用之間進行分攤。 融資費用在租賃期內計入合併綜合收益表， 以按照固定的週期性利率對各期間負債餘額 計算利息。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (j) Leases Leases are recognised as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability at the date at which the leased asset is available for use by the Group. Con t r ac t s may con t a i n bo t h l ease and non - l ease components. The Group allocates the consideration in the contract to the lease and non-lease components based on their relative stand-alone prices. Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured on a present value basis. Lease liabilities include the net present value of the following lease payments: • f i xed paymen t s ( i nc l ud i ng i n - subs t ance f i xed payments), less any lease incentives receivable; • variable lease payment that are based on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date; • amounts expected to be payable by the Group under residual value guarantees; • the exercise price of a purchase option if the Group is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and • payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Group exercising that option. Lease payments to be made under reasonably certain extension options are also included in the measurement of the liability. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be readily determined, which is generally the case for leases in the Group, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate is used, being the rate that the individual lessee would have to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment with similar terms, security and conditions. The Group is exposed to potential future increases in variable lease payments based on an index or rate, which are not included in the lease liability until they take effect. When adjustments to lease payments based on an index or rate take effect, the lease liability is reassessed and adjusted against the right-of-use asset. Lease payments are allocated between principal and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to consolidated statement of comprehensive income over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.