Financial Report 2022

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 The University of Hong Kong 香港大學 25 主要會計政策－續 (e) 分部報告 呈報之分部乃根據資助的來源界定，並披露 對教資會資助活動及非教資會資助活動確認 收支的分析。有關分部報告之披露乃按教資 會資助院校的建議準則要求而編製，並非為 完全符合香港財務報告準則第 8 號「營運分部」 之規定而設。 (f) 外幣換算 (i) 功能及呈報貨幣 本機構各實體的賬目內所包括的項目， 乃按該實體經營所在的主要經濟環境的 貨幣（「功能貨幣」）計算。本綜合賬目以 港幣呈列，而本大學的功能貨幣及本機 構的呈報貨幣均為港幣。 (ii) 交易及結餘 外幣交易乃按交易當日的現行匯率換算 或項目重新計量的估值日期的匯率換算 為功能貨幣。因上述交易結算而產生的 匯兌損益，以及因按年終匯率兌換以外 幣列值的貨幣資產及負債而產生的匯兌 損益，一概於合併綜合收益表內確認。 (iii) 本機構公司 所有功能貨幣與呈報貨幣不一的本機構 實體（各實體均無極高通賬經濟地區的 貨幣），其業績及財務狀況均以下列方 式換算為呈報貨幣： (1) 於各結算日在各財務狀況表內呈列 的資產及負債均按該結算日的收市 匯率換算； (2) 各合併綜合收益表內的收入及開支 均按平均匯率換算（除非該平均匯 率並非交易當日現行匯率累計影響 的合理估計，遇有這種情況，收 入及開支概於交易當日的匯率換 算）；及 (3) 所有因此而產生的匯兌差額於其他 綜合收益中確認。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (e) Segment reporting The reported segment is defined by source of funding, d i sc l os i ng an ana l ys i s of revenue and expend i ture recognised by UGC-funded activities and non-UGC-funded activities. The disclosures regarding segment reporting are prepared as a requirement of the SORP and are not designed to fully comply with the requirements of HKFRS 8 “Operating Segment”. (f) Foreign Currency Translation (i) Functional and presentation currency Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“the functional currency”). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Hong Kong dollars, which is the University’s functional currency and the Group’s presentation currency. (ii) Transactions and balances Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or valuation where items are re-measured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year- end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. (iii) Group companies The results and financial position of all the Group en t i t i es ( none o f wh i ch has t he cu r r ency o f a hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows: (1) Assets and liabilities for each statement of financial position presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that statement of financial position; (2) Income and expenditure for each consolidated s t a t eme n t o f c omp r e h e n s i v e i n c ome a r e translated at average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions); and (3) All resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 2022 Financial Report 二零二二財務報告 26 主要會計政策－續 (f) 外幣換算－續 (iv) 境外經營業務出售及部分出售 對於出售境外經營的業務（即出售機構 在境外經營中的全部權益，或者出售涉 及失去對擁有境外經營的附屬公司的控 制權，或涉及失去對擁有境外經營的合 營企業的共同控制權），就該項經營累 計計入權益的所有匯兌差額均重新分類 至損益賬中。 對於並不導致機構失去對擁有境外經營 的附屬公司的控制權的部分業務出售， 機構在累計匯兌差額中的比例份額重新 歸屬於非控制性權益並且不在損益中確 認。對於所有其他部分業務出售（即機 構在合營企業中的所有權權益的減少並 不導致機構失去重大影響或共同控制 權），機構在累計匯兌差額中的比例份 額重新分類至損益賬中。 (g) 收益確認 (i) 政府補助撥款 政府補助撥款主要包括整體補助金、指 定補助金、保留用於加薪之補充撥款及 基建補助金。若本機構能合理地確定會 遵從所附條件和可收取撥款，政府補助 撥款則在合併綜合收益表確認入賬。 用作非資產項目支出的指定補助金仍按 擬補償之成本配合所需期間在合併綜合 收益表中記賬。 用作特定購置物業，機器及設備及無形 資產之指定補助金乃按相關資產的估計 可用年期以直線法入賬於合併綜合收益 表。 (ii) 學費、課程及其他收費 學費、課程及其他收費按應計制確認。 未實現學費包括在應付賬項內。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (f) Foreign Currency Translation – Cont’d (iv) Disposal of foreign operations and partial disposals On the disposal of a foreign operation (that is, a disposal of the Group’s entire interest in a foreign operation, or a disposal involving loss of control over a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, or a disposal involving loss of joint control over a joint venture that includes a foreign operation), all of the exchange differences accumulated in equity in respect of that operation are reclassified to profit or loss. In the case of a partial disposal that does not result in the Group losing control over a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, the proportionate share of accumulated exchange differences are re-attributed to non-controlling interests and are not recognised in profit or loss. For all other partial disposals (that is, reductions in the Group’s ownership interest in joint ventures that do not result in the Group losing significant influence or joint control) the proportionate share of the accumulated exchange difference is reclassified to profit or loss. (g) Recognition of Income (i) Government subventions Government subventions consist mainly of block grants, earmarked grants, reserved supplementary grant s for sa l ar y i ncreases and cap i t a l grant s . Government subventions are recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income when there is reasonable certainty that the Group will comply with the conditions attaching to them and that the subventions will be received. Earmarked grants for non-capital expenditure are recognised as income in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income over the period necessary to match with the related costs for which they are intended to compensate. Earmarked grants relating to the purchase of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are recognised as income in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income on a straight-line basis over the expected lives of the related assets. (ii) Tuition, programmes and other fees Tuition, programmes and other fee income, including composition fees, are recognised on an accruals basis. Unearned composition fees are included in accounts payable.