Financial Report 2021

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 The University of Hong Kong 香港大學 35 主要會計政策－續 (l) 財務資產－續 (i) 分類－續 財務投資，按攤銷成本 倘若持有資產目的為收取合約現金 流量，而該等資產的現金流量僅為 支付本金及利息，則該等資產按攤 銷成本計量。該資產屬流動資產， 但如果在報告期間完結後超過十二 個月才到期，則屬非流動資產。 按公平值計入損益賬的財務資產 按公平值計入損益賬的財務資產是 指根據內部書面記載的風險管理指 引或機構主要管理層提供的投資策 略所管理之財務資產。此類別之資 產是按公平值陳述。在此類別的資 產若預期將於結算日後十二個月內 變現，則分類為流動資產；否則分 類為非流動資產。 (ii) 確認及計量 正常買賣財務資產於成交日期確 認，即本機構承諾買賣資產的日 期。投資初步按公平值加所有未有 按公平值計入損益的財務資產的交 易成本確認。按公平值計入損益賬 的財務資產最初以公平值確認，交 易成本在合併收益表中確認為支 出。若該項財務資產的現金收益接 收權期滿或被轉讓，且機構已轉讓 此所有權的所有風險及收益，該項 財務資產確認即會終止。按公平值 計入損益賬的財務資產其後以公平 值列賬。 來自財務資產，按攤銷成本的利息 收入採用實際利率法計入財務收 入。終止確認時產生的任何盈虧與 匯兌損益一併於損益中直接確認並 列為其他收益╱（虧損）。減值虧損 於合併綜合收益表內以單獨項目呈 列。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (l) Financial Assets – Cont’d (i) Classification – Cont’d Financial assets at amortised cost Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the end of reporting period. These are classified as non-current assets. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are financial assets which are managed in accordance with internal documented risk management guidelines or investment strategy provided by the Group’s key management personnel. Assets in this category are stated at fair value. Assets in this category are classified as current assets if expected to be settled within 12 months; otherwise, they are classified as non- current assets. (ii) Recognition and measurement Regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade-date – the date on which the Group commits to purchase or se l l the asse t . I nves tment s are i n i t i a l l y recognised at fair value plus transaction costs for all financial assets not carried at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognised at fair value, and transaction costs are expensed in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the investments have expired or have been transferred and the Group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are subsequently carried at fair value. I n t e r e s t i ncome f r om f i nanc i a l a s s e t s a t amortised cost is included in finance income us i ng t he e f f ec t i ve i n t e r es t r a t e me t hod . Any ga i n or l oss a r i s i ng on de r ecogn i t i on is recognised directly in profit or loss and presented in other gains/(losses), together with foreign exchange gains and losses. Impairment losses are presented as separate line item in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 2021 Financial Report 二零二一財務報告 36 主要會計政策－續 (l) 財務資產－續 (ii) 確認及計量－續 「按公平值計入損益賬的財務資產」 因公平值變化而產生的損益，列入 該年的合併綜合收益表中的「利息 及投資收益」中。按公平值計入損 益賬的既定財務資產所生產的股息 在本機構收取股息的權利確定時 在合併綜合收益表中確認為其他收 入。 (iii) 抵銷財務工具 當有法定可執行權力可抵銷已確認 金額，並有意圖按淨額基準結算 或同時變現資產和結算負債時，財 務資產與負債可互相抵銷，並在合 併財務狀況表報告其淨額。法定可 執行權利必須不得依賴未來事件而 定，而在一般業務過程中以及倘大 學，其子公司或對手方一旦出現違 約、無償債能力或破產時，這也必 須具有約束力。 (iv) 財務資產減值 本機構於各報告期間結算日評估是 否客觀證據證明財務資產或財務資 產組別出現減值。財務資產或財務 資產組別僅於存在客觀證據證明因 首次確認資產後發生一宗或多宗事 件導致出現減值（「損失事項」）， 而該宗（或該等）損失事項對財務資 產或財務資產組別的估計未來現金 流量所構成影響可以合理估計時， 有關財務資產或財務資產組別方被 視為減值及出現減值虧損。 減值證據包括有顯示借款人或借款 人組別遭遇嚴重財政困難、逾期或 拖欠償還利息或本金；借款人有可 能破產或進行其他財務重組；及有 可察覺的資料顯示估計未來現金流 有可計量的減少，如與逾期還款相 關連的還款情況改變或經濟狀況。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (l) Financial Assets – Cont’d (ii) Recognition and measurement – Cont’d Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of the “financial assets at fair value through profit or loss” category were presented in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income within “interest and investment income” in the period in which they arose. Dividend income from designated financial assets at fair value through profit or loss was recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as part of other income when the Group’s right to receive payments was established. (iii) Offsetting financial instruments Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the consolidated statement of financial position when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the University, its subsidiaries or the counterparty. (iv) Impairment of financial assets The Group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired and impairment losses are incurred only if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset (a “loss event”) and that loss event (or events) has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated. Evidence of impairment may include indications t ha t t he deb t o r s o r a g r oup o f deb t o r s i s experiencing significant financial difficulty, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, the probability that they will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation, and where observable data indicate that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows, such as changes in arrears or economic conditions that correlate with defaults.