Financial Report 2021

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 The University of Hong Kong 香港大學 31 主要會計政策－續 (h) 物業、機器及設備－續 (iv) 出售盈虧 出售物業、機器及設備之收益或虧 損乃出售所得的收入淨額與其賬面 金額和有關的儲備之差額，並於合 併綜合收益表入賬。 (i) 無形資產 購入的電腦軟件程式按購入和達致使用 該特定軟件而產生的成本為基準作資本 化處理。此等成本按其估計可使用年期 分五年攤銷。與維護電腦軟件程式有關 的成本在產生時確認為費用支出。 系統發展工程指在電腦軟件程式開發中 之成本，而管理層有意在工程完成後持 有此等軟件程式作無形資產。此等軟件 程式以成本值列賬，包括發展費用，及 屬於發展項目之其他直接成本，扣除任 何累積減值虧損。發展工程因未投入使 用，故無攤銷準備。 (j) 租賃 租賃於租賃資產可供機構使用當日確認 為使用權資產及相應負債。 合同可能包含租賃組成部分和非租賃組 成部分。本機構基於各租賃組成部分與 非租賃組成部分的單獨價格相對比例分 攤合同對價。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (h) Property, Plant and Equipment – Cont’d (iv) Gain or loss on disposal The gain or loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment is the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant asset, and is recognised in the conso l i dated s tatement of comprehens i ve income. (i) Intangible Assets Acqu i r ed compu t e r so f twa r e progr ammes a r e capitalised on the basis of the costs incurred to acquire and bring to use the specific software. These costs are amortised over their estimated useful lives of 5 years. Costs associated with maintaining computer software programmes are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development in progress represents costs incurred on computer software has not been completed and which upon completion, management intends to hold for use as intangible assets. Such software is carried at cost which include development expenditure incurred and other direct costs attributable to the development less any accumulated impairment losses. No amortisation is provided for development in progress since it is not in use. (j) Leases Leases are recognised as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability at the date at which the leased asset is available for use by the Group. Contracts may contain both lease and non-lease components. The Group allocates the consideration i n t h e c o n t r a c t t o t h e l e a s e a n d n o n - l e a s e components based on their relative stand-alone prices. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 2021 Financial Report 二零二一財務報告 32 主要會計政策－續 (j) 租賃－續 租賃產生的資產和負債按現值進行初始 計量。租賃負債包括以下租賃付款的淨 現值： • 固定付款（包括實質固定付款），扣 除任何應收的租賃優惠； • 基於指數或比率確定的可變租賃付 款，採用租賃期開始日的指數或比 率進行初始計量； • 本機構根據餘值擔保預計應付的金 額； • 本機構合理確定將行使的購買選擇 權的行權價格；及 • 在租賃期反映出本機構將行使選擇 權的情況下終止租賃的罰款金額。 當合理確定將行使續租選擇權時，租賃 付款也納入負債的計量中。 租賃付款按租賃內含利率貼現。本機構 的租賃內含利率通常無法直接確定，在 此情況下，應採用承租人的遞增借款利 率，即承租人在類似經濟環境下獲得與 使用權資產價值接近的資產，在類似期 間以類似抵押條件借入資金而必須支付 的利率。 本機構未來可能會面臨基於指數或比率 確定的可變租賃付款增加的風險，並 只會在實際發生時才納入租賃負債中。 當基於指數或比率對租賃付款進行調整 時，租賃負債應予以重估並根據使用權 資產調整。 租賃付款在本金和融資費用之間進行分 攤。融資費用在租賃期內計入合併綜合 收益表，以按照固定的週期性利率對各 期間負債餘額計算利息。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (j) Leases – Cont’d Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured on a present value basis. Lease liabilities include the net present value of the following lease payments: • fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivable; • variable lease payment that are based on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date; • amounts expected to be payable by the Group under residual value guarantees; • the exercise price of a purchase option if the Group is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and • payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Group exercising that option. Lease payments to be made under reasonably certain extension options are also included in the measurement of the liability. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be readily determined, which is generally the case for leases in the Group, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate is used, being the rate that the individual lessee would have to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment with similar terms, security and conditions. The Group is exposed to potential future increases in variable lease payments based on an index or rate, which are not included in the lease liability until they take effect. When adjustments to lease payments based on an index or rate take effect, the lease liability is reassessed and adjusted against the right- of-use asset. Lease payments are allocated between principal and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to consolidated statement of comprehensive income over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.