Financial Report 2021

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 The University of Hong Kong 香港大學 25 主要會計政策－續 (d) 合營安排－續 (i) 合營企業－續 本機構與其合營企業之間交易之未 變現收益按本機構在合營企業權益 對銷。除非交易提供所轉讓資產減 值之憑證，否則未變現虧損亦予以 對銷。合營企業的會計政策已按需 要作出改變，以確保與本機構採用 的政策符合一致。 在本大學之財務狀況表內，合營企 業之投資以成本值扣除減值虧損入 賬。本大學將合營企業之業績按已 收及應收分派入賬。 (ii) 共同經營 本機構就共同經營所控制之資產及 承擔之負債按應計準則根據項目性 質分類計入合併財務狀況表，而本 機構就此所佔收入及所承擔開支則 在本機構可能獲得╱支付有關交易 經濟利益之情況下計入合併綜合收 益表。 (e) 分部報告 呈報之分部乃根據資助的來源界定，並 披露對教資會資助活動及非教資會資助 活動確認收支的分析。有關分部報告之 披露乃按教資會資助院校的建議準則要 求而編制，並非為完全符合香港財務報 告準則第 8 號「營運分部」之規定而設。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (d) Joint Arrangements – Cont’d (i) Joint ventures – Cont’d Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and its joint ventures are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the joint ventures. Unrealised losses are eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of the joint ventures have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. I n the Un i ver s i t y ’ s St a t ement of F i nanc i a l Position, investments in joint ventures are stated at cost less provision for impairment losses. The results of the joint ventures are accounted for by the University on the basis of distributions received and receivable. (ii) Joint operations Assets that the Group controls and liabilities that it incurs in relation to the joint operations are recognised in the Group’s statement of financial position on an accruals basis and classified according to the nature of the item. The Group’s share of the income that it earns from the joint operations together with expenditure that it incurs are included in the Group’s consolidated statement of comprehensive income when it is probable that economic benefits associated with the transactions will flow to or from the Group. (e) Segment reporting The reported segment is defined by source of funding, disclosing an analysis of revenue and expenditure recognised by UGC-funded activities and non-UGC-funded activities. The disclosures regarding segment reporting are prepared as a requirement of the SORP and are not designed to fully comply with the requirements of HKFRS 8 “Operating Segment”. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 2021 Financial Report 二零二一財務報告 26 主要會計政策－續 (f) 外幣換算 (i) 功能及呈報貨幣 本機構各實體的賬目內所包括的項 目，乃按該實體經營所在的主要 經濟環境的貨幣（「功能貨幣」）計 算。本綜合賬目以港幣呈列，而本 大學的功能貨幣及本機構的呈報貨 幣均為港幣。 (ii) 交易及結餘 外幣交易乃按交易當日的現行匯率 換算或項目重新計量的估值日期的 匯率換算為功能貨幣。因上述交易 結算而產生的匯兌損益，以及因按 年終匯率兌換以外幣列值的貨幣資 產及負債而產生的匯兌損益，一概 於合併綜合收益表內確認。 (iii) 本機構公司 所有功能貨幣與呈報貨幣不一的本 機構實體（各實體均無極高通賬經 濟地區的貨幣），其業績及財務狀 況均以下列方式換算為呈報貨幣： (1) 於各結算日在各財務狀況表 內呈列的資產及負債均按該 結算日的收市匯率換算； (2) 各合併綜合收益表內的收入 及開支均按平均匯率換算（除 非該平均匯率並非交易當日 現行匯率累計影響的合理估 計，遇有這種情況，收入及 開支概於交易當日的匯率換 算）；及 (3) 所有因此而產生的匯兌差額 於其他綜合收益中確認。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (f) Foreign Currency Translation (i) Functional and presentation currency Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“the functional currency”). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Hong Kong dollars, which is the University’s functional currency and the Group’s presentation currency. (ii) Transactions and balances Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or valuation where items are re-measured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the conso l i dated s tatement of comprehens i ve income. (iii) Group companies The results and financial position of all the Group entities (none of which has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows: (1) Assets and liabilities for each statement of financial position presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that statement of financial position; (2) I n c o m e a n d e x p e n d i t u r e f o r e a c h consolidated statement of comprehensive income are translated at average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions); and (3) Al l resu l t i ng exchange d i f f erences are recognised in other comprehensive income.