Financial Report 2021

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 The University of Hong Kong 香港大學 23 主要會計政策－續 (c) 聯營公司之投資 聯營公司指所有本機構對其有重大影響 力而無控制權的主體，通常附帶有百分 之二十至五十投票權的股權。聯營公司 投資以權益法入賬。根據權益法，投資 初始以成本確認，而賬面值被增加或減 少以確認投資者享有被投資者在收購日 期後的損益份額。本機構於聯營公司的 投資包括購買時已辨認的商譽。在購買 聯營公司的投資時，購買成本與本機構 享有的對聯營公司可辨認資產和負債的 公允價值淨額的差額確認為商譽。 如聯營公司的權益持有被削減但仍保留 重大影響力，只有按比例將之前在其他 綜合收益中確認的數額重新分類至損益 賬中（如適當）。 本機構應佔聯營公司購買後利潤或虧損 於利潤表內確認，而應佔其購買後的其 他綜合收益變動則於其他綜合收益內確 認，並相應調整投資賬面值。如本機構 應佔一家聯營公司的虧損等於或超過其 在該聯營公司的權益，包括任何其他無 抵押應收款，本機構不會確認進一步虧 損，除非本機構對聯營公司已產生法律 或推定債務或已代聯營公司作出付款。 本機構在每個報告日期釐定是否有客觀 證據證明聯營公司投資已減值。如投資 已減值，本機構計算減值，數額為聯營 公司可收回數額與其賬面值的差額，并 在合併綜合收益表中確認於「應佔聯營 公司盈餘╱（虧損）」旁。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (c) Interests in Associates Associates are all entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control, generally accompanying a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the investment is initially recognised at cost, and the carrying amount is increased or decreased to recognise the investor’s share of the profit or loss of the investee after the date of acquisition. The Group’s investment i n assoc i a t es i nc l udes goodwi l l i den t i f i ed on acquisition. Upon the acquisition of the ownership interest in an associate, any difference between the cost of the associate and the Group’s share of the net fair value of the associate’s identifiable assets and liabilities is accounted for as goodwill. I f t h e own e r s h i p i n t e r e s t i n a n a s s oc i a t e i s reduced but significant influence is retained, only a proportionate share of the amounts previously recogn i sed i n other comprehens i ve i ncome i s reclassified to profit or loss where appropriate. The Group’s share of post-acquisition profit or loss is recognised in the income statement, and its share of post-acquisition movements in other comprehensive income is recognised in other comprehensive income with a corresponding adjustment to the carrying amount of the investment. When the Group’s share of losses in an associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, including any other unsecured receivables, the Group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate. The Group determines at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that the investment in the associate is impaired. If this is the case, the Group calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate and its carrying value and recognises the amount adjacent to “share of surplus/(losses) of associates” in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 2021 Financial Report 二零二一財務報告 24 主要會計政策－續 (c) 聯營公司之投資－續 本機構與其聯營公司之間的上流和下流 交易的利潤和虧損，在本機構的合併財 務報表中確認，但僅限於無關連投資者 在聯營公司權益的數額。除非交易提供 證據顯示所轉讓資產已減值，否則未實 現虧損亦予以對銷。聯營公司的會計政 策已按需要作出改變，以確保與本機構 採用的政策符合一致。 在聯營公司股權稀釋所產生的利得或損 失於合併綜合收益表確認。 (d) 合營安排 本機構對所有合營安排應用香港財務報 告準則第 11 號。根據香港財務報告準則 第 11 號，在合營安排的投資必須分類為 共同經營或合營企業，視乎每個投資者 的合同權益和義務而定。本機構已評估 其合營安排的性質並釐定為合營企業或 共同經營。合營企業按權益法入賬。 (i) 合營企業 根據權益法，合營企業權益初步以 成本確認，其後經調整以確認本機 構享有的收購後利潤或虧損以及其 他綜合收益變動的份額。本機構對 合營企業的投資包括在購買時已辨 認的商譽。在購買合營企業的投資 時，購買成本與本機構享有的對合 營企業可辨認資產和負債的公允價 值淨額的差額確認為商譽。當本機 構享有某一合營企業的虧損超過或 相等於在該合營企業的權益（包括 任何實質上構成機構在該合營淨投 資的長期權益），則本機構不確認 進一步虧損，除非本機構已產生義 務或已代合營企業付款。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (c) Interests in Associates – Cont’d Profits and losses resulting from upstream and downstream transactions between the Group and its associate are recognised in the Group’s consolidated financial statements only to the extent of unrelated investor’s interests in the associates. Unrealised losses are eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of associates have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. Gains or losses on dilution of equity interest in associates are recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. (d) Joint Arrangements The Gr oup has app l i ed HKFRS 11 t o a l l j o i n t arrangements. Under HKFRS 11, investments in joint arrangements are classified as either joint operations or joint ventures depending on the contractual rights and obligations of each investor. The Group has assessed the nature of its joint arrangements and determined them to be joint ventures or joint opera t i ons as appropr i a t e . Jo i nt ventures are accounted for using the equity method. (i) Joint ventures Under the equity method of accounting, the i nves tmen t s i n j o i n t ven t u r es a r e i n i t i a l l y recognised at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognise the Group’s share of the post- acquisition profits or losses and movements in other comprehensive income. Upon the acquisition of the ownership interest in a joint venture, any difference between the cost of the joint venture and the Group’s share of the net fair value of the joint venture’s identifiable assets and liabilities is accounted for as goodwill. When the Group’s share of losses in a joint venture equals or exceeds its interest in the joint ventures (which include any long-term interests that, in substance, form part of the Group’s net investment in the joint ventures), the Group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the joint ventures.