Financial Report 2020

27 The University of Hong Kong 香港大學 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 1. 主要會計政策 — 續 (e) 合營安排 — 續 (i) 合營企業 根據權益法，合營企業權益初 步以成本確認，其後經調整以 確認本機構享有的收購後利潤 或虧損以及其他綜合收益變動 的份額。本機構對合營企業的 投資包括在購買時已辨認的商 譽。在購買合營企業的投資 時，購買成本與本機構享有的 對合營企業可辨認資產和負債 的公允價值淨額的差額確認為 商譽。當本機構享有某一合營 企業的虧損超過或相等於在該 合營企業的權益（包括任何實 質上構成機構在該合營淨投資 的長期權益），則本機構不確 認進一步虧損，除非本機構已 產生義務或已代合營企業付 款。 本機構與其合營企業之間交易 之未變現收益按本機構在合營 企業權益對銷。除非交易提供 所轉讓資產減值之憑證，否則 未變現虧損亦予以對銷。合營 企業的會計政策已按需要作出 改變，以確保與本機構採用的 政策符合一致。 在本大學之財務狀況表內，合 營企業之投資以成本值扣除減 值虧損入賬。本大學將合營企 業之業績按已收及應收分派入 賬。 (ii) 共同經營 本機構就共同經營所控制之資 產及承擔之負債按應計準則根 據項目性質分類計入合併財務 狀況表，而本機構就此所佔收 入及所承擔開支則在本機構可 能獲得╱支付有關交易經濟利 益之情況下計入合併綜合收益 表。 (f) 分部報告 呈報之分部乃根據資助的來源界 定，並披露對教資會資助活動及非 教資會資助活動確認收支的分析。 有關分部報告之披露乃按教資會資 助院校的建議準則要求而編制，並 非為完全符合香港財務報告準則第 8 號「營運分部」之規定而設。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES — Cont’d (e) Joint Arrangements — Cont’d (i) Joint ventures Under the equity method of accounting, the investments in joint ventures are initially recognised at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognise the Group’s share of the post-acquisition profits or losses and movements in other comprehensive income. Upon the acquisition of the ownership interest in a joint venture, any difference between the cost of the joint venture and the Group’s share of the net fair value of the joint venture’s identifiable assets and liabilities is accounted for as goodwill. When the Group’s share of losses in a joint venture equals or exceeds its interest in the joint ventures (which include any long-term interests that, in substance, form part of the Group’s net investment in the joint ventures), the Group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the joint ventures. Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and its joint ventures are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the joint ventures. Unrealised losses are eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of the joint ventures have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. In the University’s Statement of Financial Position, investments in joint ventures are stated at cost less provision for impairment losses. The results of the joint ventures are accounted for by the University on the basis of distributions received and receivable. (ii) Joint operations Assets that the Group controls and liabilities that it incurs in relation to the joint operations are recognised in the Group’s statement of financial position on an accruals basis and classified according to the nature of the item. The Group’s share of the income that it earns from the joint operations together with expenditure that it incurs are included in the Group’s consolidated statement of comprehensive income when it is probable that economic benefits associated with the transactions will flow to or from the Group. (f) Segment reporting The reported segment is defined by source of funding, disclosing an analysis of revenue and expenditure recognised by UGC-funded activities and non-UGC- funded activities. The disclosures regarding segment reporting are prepared as a requirement of the SORP and are not designed to fully comply with the requirements of HKFRS 8 “Operating Segment”. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 2020 Financial Report 二零二零財務報告 28 1. 主要會計政策 — 續 (g) 外幣換算 (i) 功能及呈報貨幣 本機構各實體的賬目內所包括 的項目，乃按該實體經營所在 的主要經濟環境的貨幣（「功 能貨幣」）計算。本綜合賬目以 港幣呈列，而本大學的功能貨 幣及本機構的呈報貨幣均為港 幣。 (ii) 交易及結餘 外幣交易乃按交易當日的現行 匯率換算或項目重新計量的估 值日期的匯率換算為功能貨 幣。因上述交易結算而產生的 匯兌損益，以及因按年終匯率 兌換以外幣列值的貨幣資產及 負債而產生的匯兌損益，一概 於合併綜合收益表內確認。 (iii) 本機構公司 所有功能貨幣與呈報貨幣不一 的本機構實體（各實體均無極 高通賬經濟地區的貨幣），其 業績及財務狀況均以下列方式 換算為呈報貨幣： (1) 於各結算日在各財務狀 況表內呈列的資產及負 債均按該結算日的收市 匯率換算； (2) 各合併綜合收益表內的 收入及開支均按平均匯 率換算（除非該平均匯率 並非交易當日現行匯率 累計影響的合理估計， 遇有這種情況，收入及 開支概於交易當日的匯 率換算）；及 (3) 所有因此而產生的匯兌 差額於其他綜合收益中 確認。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES — Cont’d (g) Foreign Currency Translation (i) Functional and presentation currency Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“the functional currency”). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Hong Kong dollars, which is the University’s functional currency and the Group’s presentation currency. (ii) Transactions and balances Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or valuation where items are re-measured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. (iii) Group companies The results and financial position of all the Group entities (none of which has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows: (1) Assets and liabilities for each statement of financial position presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that statement of financial position; (2) Income and expenditure for each consolidated statement of comprehensive income are translated at average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions); and (3) All resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income.