Financial Report 2020

25 The University of Hong Kong 香港大學 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 1. 主要會計政策 — 續 (c) 合併賬目 — 續 (iii) 出售附屬公司 當本機構不再持有控制權，在 主體的任何保留權益於失去控 制權當日重新計量至公平值， 賬面值的變動在合併綜合收益 表中確認。公平值為就保留權 益的後續入賬而言的初始賬面 值，作為聯營、合營或財務資 產。此外，之前在其他綜合收 益中確認的任何數額猶如本機 構已直接處置相關資產和負 債。這意味著之前在其他綜合 收益中確認的數額會重新分類 至合併綜合收益表或根據適用 的香港財務報告準則轉移至另 一類權益。 (iv) 單獨財務報表 在本大學之財務狀況表內，附 屬公司之投資以成本值扣除減 值虧損撥備入賬。成本經調整 以反映修改或有對價所產生的 對價變動。成本亦包括投資的 直接歸屬成本。本大學將附屬 公司之業績按已收及應收分派 入賬。 如股利超過宣派股利期內子公 司的總綜合收益，或如在獨立 財務報表的投資賬面值超過合 併財務報表中被投資公司淨資 產（包括商譽）的賬面值，則 必須對子公司投資作減值測 試。 (d) 聯營公司之投資 聯營公司指所有本機構對其有重大 影響力而無控制權的主體，通常附 帶有百分之二十至五十投票權的股 權。聯營公司投資以權益法入賬。 根據權益法，投資初始以成本確 認，而賬面值被增加或減少以確認 投資者享有被投資者在收購日期後 的損益份額。本機構於聯營公司的 投資包括購買時已辨認的商譽。在 購買聯營公司的投資時，購買成本 與本機構享有的對聯營公司可辨認 資產和負債的公允價值淨額的差額 確認為商譽。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES — Cont’d (c) Consolidation — Cont’d (iii) Disposal of subsidiaries When the Group ceases to have control, any retained interest in the entity is remeasured to its fair value at the date when control is lost, with the change in carrying amount recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. The fair value is the initial carrying amount for the purposes of subsequently accounting for the retained interest as an associate, joint venture or financial asset. In addition, any amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in respect of that entity are accounted for as if the Group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. It means that amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income or transferred to another category of equity as specified/permitted by applicable HKFRSs. (iv) Separate financial statements In the University’s statement of financial position, investments in subsidiaries are accounted for at cost less impairment. Cost is adjusted to reflect changes in consideration arising from contingent consideration amendments. Cost also includes directly attributable costs of investment. The results of subsidiaries are accounted for by the University on the basis of dividend received and receivable. Impairment testing of the investments in subsidiaries is required upon receiving a dividend from these investments if the dividend exceeds the total comprehensive income of the subsidiary in the period the dividend is declared or if the carrying amount of the investment in the separate financial statements exceeds the carrying amount in the consolidated financial statements of the investee’s net assets including goodwill. (d) Interests in Associates Associates are all entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control, generally accompanying a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the investment is initially recognised at cost, and the carrying amount is increased or decreased to recognise the investor’s share of the profit or loss of the investee after the date of acquisition. The Group’s investment in associates includes goodwill identified on acquisition. Upon the acquisition of the ownership interest in an associate, any difference between the cost of the associate and the Group’s share of the net fair value of the associate’s identifiable assets and liabilities is accounted for as goodwill. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 2020 Financial Report 二零二零財務報告 26 1. 主要會計政策 — 續 (d) 聯營公司之投資 — 續 如聯營公司的權益持有被削減但仍 保留重大影響力，只有按比例將之 前在其他綜合收益中確認的數額重 新分類至損益賬中（如適當）。 本機構應佔聯營公司購買後利潤或 虧損於利潤表內確認，而應佔其購 買後的其他綜合收益變動則於其他 綜合收益內確認，並相應調整投資 賬面值。如本機構應佔一家聯營公 司的虧損等於或超過其在該聯營公 司的權益，包括任何其他無抵押應 收款，本機構不會確認進一步虧 損，除非本機構對聯營公司已產生 法律或推定債務或已代聯營公司作 出付款。 本機構在每個報告日期釐定是否有 客觀證據證明聯營公司投資已減 值。如投資已減值，本機構計算減 值，數額為聯營公司可收回數額與 其賬面值的差額，并在合併綜合收 益表中確認於「應佔聯營公司盈 餘╱（虧損）」旁。 本機構與其聯營公司之間的上流和 下流交易的利潤和虧損，在本機構 的合併財務報表中確認，但僅限於 無關連投資者在聯營公司權益的數 額。除非交易提供證據顯示所轉讓 資產已減值，否則未實現虧損亦予 以對銷。聯營公司的會計政策已按 需要作出改變，以確保與本機構採 用的政策符合一致。 在聯營公司股權稀釋所產生的利得 或損失於合併綜合收益表確認。 (e) 合營安排 本機構對所有合營安排應用香港財 務報告準則第 11 號。根據香港財務 報告準則第 11 號，在合營安排的投 資必須分類為共同經營或合營企 業，視乎每個投資者的合同權益和 義務而定。本機構已評估其合營安 排的性質並釐定為合營企業或共同 經營。合營企業按權益法入賬。 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES — Cont’d (d) Interests in Associates — Cont’d If the ownership interest in an associate is reduced but significant influence is retained, only a proportionate share of the amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income is reclassified to profit or loss where appropriate. The Group’s share of post-acquisition profit or loss is recognised in the income statement, and its share of post-acquisition movements in other comprehensive income is recognised in other comprehensive income with a corresponding adjustment to the carrying amount of the investment. When the Group’s share of losses in an associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, including any other unsecured receivables, the Group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate. The Group determines at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that the investment in the associate is impaired. If this is the case, the Group calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate and its carrying value and recognises the amount adjacent to “share of surplus/(losses) of associates” in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Profits and losses resulting from upstream and downstream transactions between the Group and its associate are recognised in the Group’s consolidated financial statements only to the extent of unrelated investor’s interests in the associates. Unrealised losses are eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of associates have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. Gains or losses on dilution of equity interest in associates are recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. (e) Joint Arrangements The Group has applied HKFRS 11 to all joint arrangements. Under HKFRS 11, investments in joint arrangements are classified as either joint operations or joint ventures depending on the contractual rights and obligations of each investor. The Group has assessed the nature of its joint arrangements and determined them to be joint ventures or joint operations as appropriate. Joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method.