Financial Report 2020

109 The University of Hong Kong 香港大學 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 (i) 財務風險因素 － 續 (2) 信貸風險 本機構承受的信貸風險為現金 及等同現金、銀行存款、應收 貸款、應收賬項、預付款及押 金及債券。 投資附設委員會根據金融機構 的存款基礎、資本基礎及信貸 評級制訂相關的信貸額度。就 本機構的流動資金及金融工具 而言，由於交易方皆為信貸評 級良好的財政機構故此本機構 只承受有限之信貸風險。應收 貸款主要為對員工及學生的貸 款，而本機構有既定的程序來 控制發放及收回貸款。應收賬 項、預付款及押金來自本機構 的日常營運，以到期日管理控 制有關投放額度。 在本機構之合併財務狀況表內 各金融資產的賬面值已反映了 每項財務資產所承受之最高信 貸風險。 本機構有四類財務資產須遵行 預期信貸虧損模式，包括現金 及等同現金、應收貸款、應收 賬項、預付款及押金及按攤銷 成本列賬之債務投資。現金及 銀行結存亦需遵循香港財務報 告準則第 9 號之減值要求，因 對口單位為擁有高信貸評級的 銀行，故其信貸風險有限及已 識辨之減值虧損並不重大。 應收賬項 就所有應收賬項而言，機構應 用香港財務報告準則第 9 號之 簡化處理方法，使用全期預期 信貸虧損撥備計量預期信貸虧 損。 38. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT – Cont’d 財務風險管理 － 續 (i) Financial risk factors – Cont’d (2) Credit risk The Group’s exposure to credit risk is represented by the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, bank deposits, loans receivable, accounts receivable, prepayments and deposits and debt securities. The exposure limits to financial institutions are set by the Investments Sub-Committee according to the deposits base, capital base and the credit rating of the institutions. The credit risk on liquid funds and financial instruments is limited because the counterparties have good credit standing. Loans receivable are mainly loans to staff and students and the Group has established procedures to control the granting and recovery of the loans. Accounts receivable, prepayments and deposits arise from the ordinary activities of the Group and there are ageing controls to limit the exposure. The maximum exposure to credit risk is represented by the carrying amount of each financial asset in the consolidated statement of financial position. The Group has four types of financial assets that are subject to the expected credit loss model, including cash and cash equivalents, loans receivable, accounts receivable, prepayments and deposits and debt investments carried at amortised cost. While cash and bank balances are also subject to the impairment requirements of HKFRS 9, the credit risk on cash and bank balances are limited because the counterparties are banks with high credit rating and any identified impairment loss was immaterial. Accounts Receivable The Group applies the HKFRS 9 simplified approach to measure expected credit losses which uses a lifetime expected loss allowance for all accounts receivables. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 2020 Financial Report 二零二零財務報告 110 (i) 財務風險因素 － 續 (2) 信貸風險 － 續 應收貸款 應用預期信貸風險模型計算之 應收貸款之虧損撥備並不重 大。 債務投資 機構按以攤銷成本列賬之財務 資產計算之所有債務投資均被 視為信貸風險較低，因此於年 內確認之虧損撥備僅限於 12 個月內之預期虧損。管理層認 為大部分上市債券之「低信貸 風險」至少由一家主要之評級 機構評定為投資級之信貸評 級。 (3) 流動資金風險 審慎的流動資金風險管理指維 持充足的現金，透過備有足夠 額度的銀行存款和現金及有價 證券以提供資金。 財務負債的到期日若在一年期 內，負債項目經已分類為流動 負債。若負債到期日超出一年 期，其項目則納入非流動負 債。主要之非流動負債到期日 已詳述於相關附註。 38. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT – Cont’d 財務風險管理 － 續 (i) Financial risk factors – Cont’d (2) Credit risk – Cont’d Loans Receivables The loss allowance for loans receivable as a result of applying the expected credit risk model was immaterial. Debt Investments All of the Group’s debt investments at amortised cost are considered to have low credit risk, and the loss allowance recognised during the year was therefore limited to 12 months expected losses. Management consider ‘low credit risk’ for most of the listed bonds with an investment grade credit rating with at least one major rating agency. (3) Liquidity risk Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash, ensuring availability of funding through an adequate amount of bank balances and cash and marketable securities. Financial liabilities which are expected to mature within one year have been classified under current liabilities. For financial liabilities with expected maturity over one year, they are classified as non- current liabilities and the maturity of the main items have been detailed in the notes to accounts.