Financial Report 2019

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 The University of Hong Kong 香港大學 33 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (i) Property, Plant and Equipment – Cont’d (iii) Plant and equipment Plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impa i rmen t l osses . Hi s t o r i ca l cos t i nc l udes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the assets. Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and ma i nt enance cos t s are expensed i n the consolidated statement of comprehensive income during the financial period in which they are incurred. Plant and equipment are depreciated at their cost less accumulated impairment losses over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. The estimated useful lives of each category of property, plant and equipment are as follows: Leasehold improvements the shorter of 7 years and the lease term Fixtures and equipment the shorter of 5 years and the project lives Library books 5 years The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each statement of financial position date. An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount. (iv) Gain or loss on disposal The gain or loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment is the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant asset, and is recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. 1. 主要會計政策－續 (i) 物業、機器及設備－續 (iii) 機器及設備 機器及設備均按歷史成本減折 舊總額及累計減值虧損列值。 歷史成本值包括購入該項目之 直接費用。 如未來經濟效益很可能流入本 機構而項目成本可能計量時， 與已確認固定資產有關的其後 支出便會加入資產的賬面金 額，或確認為一項獨立資產。 所有其他維修及保養支出則在 產生的期間於合併綜合收益表 內確認為支出。 物業、機器及設備以直線法按 其預計之使用年限將其成本值 減累積減值虧損撇銷，其所採 用之預計使用年限如下： 租賃物業裝修 七年或租賃期，以較短者作準 裝修及設備 五年或項目壽命，以較短者作準 圖書館藏書 五年 於每個結算日，評估該等資產 之剩餘價值及使用年限有否變 動，並作合適調整。如該資產 出現減值，則估算其可收回價 值，及將減值虧損入賬以將資 產減至其可收回價值。 (iv) 出售盈虧 出售物業、機器及設備之收益 或虧損乃出售所得的收入淨額 與其賬面金額和有關的儲備之 差額，並於合併綜合收益表入 賬。 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 2019 Financial Report 二零一九財務報告 34 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (j) Intangible Assets Acqu i r ed c ompu t e r s o f t wa r e p r og r amme s a r e capitalised on the basis of the costs incurred to acquire and bring to use the specific software. These costs are amortised over their estimated useful lives of 5 years. Costs associated with maintaining computer software programmes are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development in progress represents costs incurred on computer software has not been completed and which upon completion, management intends to hold for use as intangible assets. Such software is carried at cost which include development expenditure incurred and other direct costs attributable to the development less any accumulated impairment losses. No amortisation is provided for development in progress since it is not in use. (k) Leases Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Payments under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income on a straight-line basis over the period of the leases. Th e G r oup l e a s e s c e r t a i n p r ope r t y , p l a n t a nd equipment. Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Group has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Finance leases are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the lower of the fair value of the leased assets and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and f i nance cha r ges . The co r r espond i ng r en t a l obligations, net of finance charges, are included in other long-term payables. The interest element of the finance cost is charged to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. The property, plant and equipment acquired under finance leases is depreciated over the shorter of the useful life of the asset and the lease term. 1. 主要會計政策－續 (j) 無形資產 購入的電腦軟件程式按購入和達致 使用該特定軟件而產生的成本為基 準作資本化處理。此等成本按其估 計可使用年期分五年攤銷。與維護 電腦軟件程式有關的成本在產生時 確認為費用支出。 系統發展工程指在電腦軟件程式開 發中之成本，而管理層有意在工程 完成後持有此等軟件程式作無形資 產。此等軟件程式以成本值列賬， 包括發展費用，及屬於發展項目之 其他直接成本，扣除任何累積減值 虧損。發展工程因未投入使用，故 無攤銷準備。 (k) 租約 如租賃所有權的重大部份風險和報 酬由出租人保留，分類為經營租 賃。根據經營租賃支付的款項（扣除 自出租人收取的任何激勵措施後）於 租賃期內以直線法在合併綜合收益 表支銷。 本機構租賃若干物業、機器及設 備。租賃物業、機器及設備的擁有 權之絕大部份風險及回報轉至本機 構時，皆以財務租約入賬。財務租 約於訂立租約時按租賃資產的公平 值或最低租賃付款現值（兩者中之較 低者）作資本化。 每項租賃付款在負債和融資費用之 間分攤。相應的租金債務在扣除融 資費用後，包括在其他長期應付款 中。融資成本的利息部份按租賃期 在合併綜合收益表中扣除，以對每 個期間餘下負債結餘產生常數定期 比率。根據融資租賃購買的物業、 機器及設備按資產的可使用年期與 租期兩者的較短者折舊。