Financial Report 2019

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 The University of Hong Kong 香港大學 25 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (c) Consolidation – Cont’d (i) Business combinations – Cont’d The excess of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the acquisition-date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquiree over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the total of consideration transferred, non-controlling interest recognised and previously held interest measured is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired in the case of a bargain purchase, the difference is recognised directly in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Inter-company transactions, balances, income and expenses on transactions between group companies are eliminated. Profits and losses resulting from inter-company transaction that are recognised in assets are also eliminated. Accounting policies of a subsidiary have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. (ii) Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries without change of control Transactions with non-controlling interests that do not result in loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions – that is, as transactions with the owners of the subsidiary in their capacity as owners. The difference between fair value of any consideration paid and the relevant share acquired of the carrying value of net assets of the subsidiary is recorded in equity. Gains or losses on disposals to non-controlling interests are also recorded in equity. (iii) Disposal of subsidiaries When the Group ceases to have control, any retained interest in the entity is remeasured to its fair value at the date when control is lost, with the change in carrying amount recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. The fair value is the initial carrying amount for the purposes of subsequently accounting for the retained interest as an associate, joint venture or financial asset. In addition, any amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in respect of that entity are accounted for as if the Group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. It means that amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income or transferred to another category of equity as specified/permitted by applicable HKFRSs. 1. 主要會計政策－續 (c) 合併賬目－續 (i) 業務合併－續 所轉讓對價、被收購方的任何 非控制性權益數額，及在被收 購方之前任何權益在收購日期 的公允價值，超過購入可辨識 淨資產公允價值的數額記錄為 商譽。如所轉讓對價、確認的 任何非控制性權益及之前持有 的權益計量，低於購入子公司 淨資產的公允價值，則將該數 額直接在合併綜合收益表中確 認。 機構內公司之間的交易、結餘 及交易的未變現利得予以對 銷。未變現損失亦予以對銷。 附屬公司報告的數額已按需要 作出改變，以確保與本機構採 用的政策符合一致。 (ii) 不導致失去控制權的附屬公司 權益變動 本機構將其與非控制性權益進 行、不導致失去控制權的交易 入賬為權益交易－即與子公司 所有者以其作所有者身份進行 的交易。所支付任何對價的公 平值與相關應佔所收購附屬公 司淨資產賬面值的差額記錄為 權益。向非控制性權益的處置 的盈虧亦記錄在權益中。 (iii) 出售附屬公司 當本機構不再持有控制權，在 主體的任何保留權益於失去控 制權當日重新計量至公平值， 賬面值的變動在合併綜合收益 表中確認。公平值為就保留 權益的後續入賬而言的初始賬 面值，作為聯營、合營或財務 資產。此外，之前在其他綜合 收益中確認的任何數額猶如本 機構已直接處置相關資產和負 債。這意味著之前在其他綜合 收益中確認的數額會重新分類 至合併綜合收益表或根據適用 的香港財務報告準則轉移至另 一類權益。 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 合併財務報表附註 2019 Financial Report 二零一九財務報告 26 1. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Cont’d (c) Consolidation – Cont’d (iv) Separate financial statements In the University’s statement of financial position, investments in subsidiaries are accounted for at cost less impairment. Cost is adjusted to reflect changes in consideration arising from contingent consideration amendments. Cost also includes directly attributable costs of investment. The results of subsidiaries are accounted for by the University on the basis of dividend received and receivable. I mp a i r me n t t e s t i n g o f t h e i n v e s t me n t s i n subsidiaries is required upon receiving a dividend from these investments if the dividend exceeds the total comprehensive income of the subsidiary in the period the dividend is declared or if the carrying amount of the investment in the separate financial statements exceeds the carrying amount in the consolidated financial statements of the investee’s net assets including goodwill. (d) Interests in Associates Associates are all entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control, generally accompanying a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the investment is initially r ecogn i sed a t cos t , and t he ca r r y i ng amoun t i s increased or decreased to recognise the investor’s share of the profit or loss of the investee after the date of acquisition. The Group’s investment in associates includes goodwill identified on acquisition. Upon the acquisition of the ownership interest in an associate, any difference between the cost of the associate and the Group’s share of the net fair value of the associate’s identifiable assets and liabilities is accounted for as goodwill. If the ownership interest in an associate is reduced but significant influence is retained, only a proportionate share of the amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income is reclassified to profit or loss where appropriate. 1. 主要會計政策－續 (c) 合併賬目－續 (iv) 單獨財務報表 在本大學之財務狀況表內，附 屬公司之投資以成本值扣除減 值虧損撥備入賬。成本經調整 以反映修改或有對價所產生的 對價變動。成本亦包括投資的 直接歸屬成本。本大學將附屬 公司之業績按已收及應收分派 入賬。 如股利超過宣派股利期內子公 司的總綜合收益，或如在獨立 財務報表的投資賬面值超過合 併財務報表中被投資公司淨資 產（包括商譽）的賬面值，則必 須對子公司投資作減值測試。 (d) 聯營公司之投資 聯營公司指所有本機構對其有重大 影響力而無控制權的主體，通常附 帶有百分之二十至五十投票權的股 權。聯營公司投資以權益法入賬。 根據權益法，投資初始以成本確 認，而賬面值被增加或減少以確認 投資者享有被投資者在收購日期後 的損益份額。本機構於聯營公司的 投資包括購買時已辨認的商譽。在 購買聯營公司的投資時，購買成本 與本機構享有的對聯營公司可辨認 資產和負債的公允價值淨額的差額 確認為商譽。 如聯營公司的權益持有被削減但仍 保留重大影響力，只有按比例將之 前在其他綜合收益中確認的數額重 新分類至損益賬中（如適當）。